Links to Studies and Resources from BOE

Sleep Deficiency and Motor Vehicle Accidents

• Sleep deficiency and motor vehicle crash risk in the general population: a prospective cohort study –
  (March 2018) BMC Medicine 16(1):44.
• Sleep-deprived young drivers and the risk for crash: the DRIVE prospective cohort study – (July 2013)
  JAMA Pediatrics 167(7): 647-655
• Sleep duration and injury-Related risk behaviors among high school students – United States,
  2007-2013. (2006) MMWR-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 65: 337-341

Sleep to Mitigate Sports Injuries

• Chronic Lack of Sleep is Associated With Increased Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes (March
  2014). Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 34(2):129-13
• The Value of Sleep on Athletic Performance, Injury, and Recovery in the Young Athlete (March 2017)Pediatric Annals 46(3):e106-e111
• Sleep and Injury in the young athlete (September 2019). JBJS Reviews. 7(9):e1

Sleep and Mental Health

• Self-reported sleep patterns and quality amongst adolescents: cross-section and prospectiveassociations with anxiety and depression – (October 2020). Journal of Child Psychology and
  Psychiatry 61(10): 1126-1137
• The effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on depression symptoms: A meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials – (February 2019) Sleep Medicine Reviews 43: 118-128
• A process-oriented model linking adolescents’ sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: themoderating role of school start times (September 2017). Sleep Health-Journal of the National Sleep Foundation 3(6): 465-471
• The relationship of school start times, sleep duration and mental health among a representativesample of high school students in Colorado, 2019 (June 2021). International Journal of Environmental
  Research and Public Health 18 (11): 5708
• Sleepless in Fairfax: The difference one more hour of sleep can make for teen hopelessness,suicidal ideation, and substance abuse (February 2015) Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44
  (2):362-378

Sleep and Academic Performance

• A’s from Zzzz’s? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on Academic Achievement of Adolescents – (August
  2011) American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3(3) 62-81
• The effect of Sleep Quality on Student’s Academic Achievement (July 2020) Advances in Medical
  Educational and Practice 11: 497-502
• Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and betterperformance in high school students (December 2018) Science Advances 4(12)
• Understanding adolescents’ sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal (2003) Sleep
  Medicine Reviews 7(6) 491-506

Expert Recommendations

• American Medical Association:
  AMA supports delayed school start times to improve adolescent wellness | American Medical Association
• Centers for Disease Control:
  Most U.S. middle and high schools start the day too early.
• American Academy of Pediatrics:
  School Start Times for Adolescents | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine:
  School Start Times | Teen Health | American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
• NYSSBA
  Changing high school start times: science paves the way - New York State School Boards Association

Elementary Start Times

• Brookings Institution: What new research tells us about elementary and middle school start times
• Early start times OK for elementary schools, study finds
• Research finds earlier start times have little effect on elementary outcomes

Additional Links/Resources

• Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams Hardcover – Illustrated, October 3,
  2017 by Matthew Walker PhD (Author)
  “With chronic sleep restriction over months or years, an individual will actually acclimate to their
  impaired performance, lower alertness, and reduced energy levels. That low-level exhaustion
  becomes their accepted norm, or baseline. Individuals fail to recognize how their perennial state of
  sleep deficiency has come to compromise their mental aptitude and physical vitality, including the
  slow accumulation of ill health.” (p. 137)
• Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, andTeacher Assignments